Antioxidant · Brightening
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
Neutralises free radicals from UV and pollution and supports a more even tone. Best used in the morning under SPF. Look for airtight packaging and 10–20% concentrations.
Learn
Ingredient guide
What each key active actually does, who it suits, and how to fit it into a routine without irritating your skin.
Renewal · Fine lines
Retinoids (Retinal, Retinol)
Encourages cell turnover and supports collagen. Introduce slowly at night, buffer with moisturiser if needed, and never skip sunscreen the following day.
Barrier · Oil balance
Niacinamide
A well-tolerated form of vitamin B3 that supports barrier lipids, helps regulate visible oil and softens the look of pores and post-blemish marks.
Hydration
Hyaluronic Acid
A humectant that binds water in the upper layers of skin. Apply to damp skin and always seal with a moisturiser, especially in dry climates.
Exfoliation · Congestion
AHAs & BHAs
Glycolic and lactic acids work on the surface for texture and tone; salicylic acid is oil-soluble and clears pore build-up. Two to three uses a week is plenty for most people.
Barrier repair
Ceramides & Cholesterol
The lipids your skin already uses to hold moisture in. Essential when using actives, in cold weather, or if skin feels tight and reactive.
Firmness
Peptides
Signal molecules that support the appearance of firmness and elasticity. Gentle enough to pair with almost anything, including retinoids.
Protection
UV Filters
Mineral filters (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) sit on the surface and suit sensitive skin; modern organic filters offer elegant textures. SPF 30 is the daily minimum.